With the continuous development and progress of artificial intelligence, AI has been extensively employed across various service industries, transportation sectors, and governmental functional activities. Characterized by rapid replacement, high intelligence level, and low error rate, AI exerts a profound and enduring impact on employment dynamics, labor substitution trends, and labor compensation to a certain extent. Along with the enhancement of AI for job substitution, employees’ job insecurity also rises. This paper focused on examining the influence of AI aplication on career development by conducting an in-depth review of relevant literature from recent years that explores the impact of AI on organizational behavior, employee job insecurity. The application of cognitive evaluation theory elucidates the psychological mechanisms underlying employees’ job insecurity in the era of AI as well as their corresponding behaviors. Based on this psychological framework, representative adjustment strategies are proposed from three different perspectives: government intervention measures; enterprise-level initiatives; and individual employee actions aimed at alleviating work insecurity further while fostering effective man-machine cooperation towards mutual success.