This study generally aimed to investigate the impact of vocabulary contextual factors on language vocabulary acquisition. 305 participants who are non-English major students at Zhou Kou Normal University in the central part of China took part in the study. The students were given the questionnaires using a 4-point scale as the instrument of this study that consisted of 22 items, which were distributed through the Questionnaire Star service platform (https://www.wjx.cn/). The findings revealed the following: Firstly, as the overall mean (2.77), there was a considerable impact of the respondents’ vocabulary contextual factors as to exposure to English in language learning. Secondly, the respondents’ vocabulary contextual factors had a significant impact on social relevance in language learning, since the overall mean was high (3.10). Thirdly, there is a statistically highly significant correlation between vocabulary contextual factors and second language vocabulary acquisition and the resulted p-values were all lower than the alpha (0.01) threshold. Finally, the researcher recommended that students should be continually exposed to a wide range of external cues, including authentic language learning environments, culture-based activities, social media and audiovisual materials. Additionally, students should gain experience overseas in nations where the target language is spoken, as well as engage in social interaction or online exchanging with native English speakers in both both offline and online contexts. Moreover, instructors should raise students’ awareness of the significance of learning English by exposing them to the language daily using a variety of techniques that facilitate second language acquisition.