The primary objective of homework management is to foster holistic student development. To accomplish this, it is imperative to standardize the value, quantity, type, design, and evaluation of assignments within the homework process. Given the context of the ‘double reduction’ policy, educators and administrators must reevaluate conventional strategies for managing middle school homework. This paper examines the practical significance, challenges, and optimization approaches pertaining to operational management under the framework of the ‘double reduction’ policy. By optimizing homework design, excessive academic burden can be alleviated while enhancing students’ core competencies. To comprehensively address these issues, schools should enhance their mechanisms for operational management by improving methods of operation management and strengthening overall planning for subject groups and grade levels. Additionally, a rational regulation of functional structure should be implemented to ensure appropriate homework quantity. Furthermore, regular individualized and accurate training sessions on designing homework should be conducted for teachers in order to update their understanding of its purpose and optimize their approach.